The Future Aging Network The Needs And Preferences Of Baby Boomers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1689 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Baby Boomer Genertation Essay Did you like this example? As both a practitioner within the aging services network, and a gerontology and social work student, I have a strong interest in applied research, demographics trends, and factors that influence the field of aging service providers.   This information can be particularly helpful to help identify, understand, develop, and offer supports and services to older adults and make a positive impact on their daily lives.   Both class lectures (Chapelski, 2018) and Moody and Sasser (2018), clearly point out that the demographics in the United States are in the midst of undergoing a transformation and the population pyramid will become rectangular by the year 2030 as the baby boom generation ages.   This generation like many others, has its own nuances, beliefs, and expectations; and as a practitioner, future research and educator, it is interesting to explore how this cohort will impact the future demand and utilization of services currently provided by the aging network.   Tru ly, as part of understanding the need of future services, it is important to understand the generation that will be using them.   Stephan Golant (2017) notes in his article that if the baby boomer cohort and values are still true today, they have strong self-reliant values, believe in their own ability to get things done, want to be on top and in charge, believe they know best, act independently based upon their self-confidence, do not abide by older rules and expectations in society, and they must steer their own course.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Future Aging Network The Needs And Preferences Of Baby Boomers" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With this image of the baby boom generation in mind, it is thought-provoking to explore the current aging network, in attempt to ascertain whether aging service providers are prepared and will be relevant for this generation as it enters older age.   While the United States is starting to see how this will play out, since the baby boomers began turning age 65 in the year 2011, unanswered questions remain.   One can begin to ponder how the baby boom generation cohort will influence and shape the aging network, what specific generational demands and expectations will be placed on aging services, what types of services will be of most importance and how do they differ from what is presently being offered,   how has and/or will the aging network prepare, respond and provide services in a relevant manner to this generation, and is the Older Americans Act still relevant for this new cohort of older adults?   These questions are important to explore, eva luate, and answer as this generation enters older age.   From a research perspective, the possible answers to these questions can provide helpful insight into a generation about their needs and preferences.   Further, potential learnings may also help to inform practice, are useful to apply when developing and prioritizing services as well as best practices, to understand, appreciate and engage the individuals utilizing services, and determine ways to invest funding and limited resources.   Finally, responses to these questions can contribute to education by helping to prepare students and future generations of practitioners such as social workers, gerontologists, and nurses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much has been written about the trends of aging baby boomers.   Baby boomers are living longer than previous generations; they have on average, higher levels of education and more work experiences; many are working later into life rather than retiring at the age of 65; and are more economically secure than previous generations (Mather et al, 2016; Moody Sasser, 2018.)   Aging baby boomers will face issues related to caregiving, illness and obesity; obesity rates are increasing, putting more people at risk for chronic disease and disability, and an increasing number of Americans are living with Alzheimers disease (Mather et al, 2016.)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, more older adults are divorced, there is an increase in single-parent and blended families, leading to weaker family ties and less caregiving support for aging spouses and parents (Mather et al, 2016.)   Further, sufficient future preparations have not been made to meet baby boomers anticipated needs in old age, and the ability to afford paying for services as one ages varies among the baby boomer cohort (Golant, 2017; Mather et al, 2016; Moody Sasser, 2018.)   In addition, inequality continues to exist between different racial and ethnic groups of older adults (Golant, 2017;Mather et al, 2016; Moody Sasser, 2018) and there are wider economic gaps between racial and ethnic groups over age 65 who are poor, with a higher number of older Latinos and African Americans living in poverty (Mather et al, 2016; Moody Sasser, 2018.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To address the unique generational perspective of aging baby boomers and the demographic trends of this population, the aging network and service providers must be familiar with the characteristics, trends, and needs of this group.   The Aging Network consists of state units on aging, Area Agencies on Aging, and service providers that is fragmented and operates with limited funding (Browdie, 2014.)   Services provided include caretaking, nutritional, and health services for American above the age of 60 such as Information,   Referral and Assistance, congregate and home delivered meals, senior centers, transportation programs, and the Ombudsman Program (Browdie, 2014; Gelfand Chapleski, 2018; Moody Sasser, 2018.)   This network is also challenged to support a wide age range of individuals, from ages 50 – 100+, and become stretched in reaching this diverse and varied group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nutrition programs are one example of aging services that are adapting to meet the needs of baby boomers.   Feeding American and AARP issued a report in 2015 on baby boomers and nutrition.   The report noted that in terms of meals and preferences, boomers often tend use less salt and sugar on their foods, are accustomed to having access to fresh fruits and vegetables, and a diverse array of meals which are pleasing to different racial and ethnic groups. This information is important for nutritional providers who looking to provide home delivered and congregate meals that are healthy and palatable for the consumer.   This report also cited numerous reasons that some baby boomers are participating in nutrition programs due to unemployment in their 50s-60s and unpaid medical bills, thus, resulting in limited income which may impact the ability to buy food.   Furthermore, the report urged communities to examine unique partnerships between food banks, nutritional providers, healthcare entities and other partner agencies to shape services such as the use of food programs, nutritional assessment and ability to access food (Feed America, 2015, p. 22) and health care providers can better address their patient needs by assessing for hunger, and partnering with agencies for wellness programs and programs to manage chronic conditions such as diabetes (Feed America, 2015.)   These concrete suggestions offer ways for the aging network to be responsive to the nutritional needs of aging baby boomers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health, wellness, and management of chronic disease is another area of aging services network and supported through the Older Americans Act that has the potential to expand and is of interest to aging baby boomers. Golant (2017) argues that baby boomers have repeatedly received messages that they must proactively take care of their bodies to prevent disease, maintain high physical and mental functioning, and keep actively engaged to remain health and reduce the possibility of being frail (p. 80) which translates into the importance of regular health checks ups, falls prevention strategies, eating right and exercising.   Additionally, he also notes because of these messages and importance of remaining self-reliant, baby boomers may be willing to explore and change the environment to meet their needs and use physical and social resources such as assistive devices, sensitively designed buildings and products, and caregiving family members and professionals (Golant, 2017).   Likewise, they are open to technology being integrated into daily life to help aging baby boomers remain independent.   The use of smart phones and technology to arrange transportation, maintain smart homes including the monitoring home security, home functions, appliances, and lighting, conducting health checks through telehealth and telemedicine, assist with mobility, and assist with social activities are all designed to help maintain independence and provide care (Golant, 2017.)   For the aging service network, this provides both opportunities and challenges as boomers may be healthier into later life, more willing to try and accept help and services, however, this also comes at a cost which an already underfunded system may not be able to sustain.  Ã‚   Likewise, while baby boomers are healthier and living longer, inequalities in health status and life expectancy continue to exist due to race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education.   Moreove r, technology can be costly, requires individuals to learn how to use it, is not currently widespread in homes throughout the country and it can potentially increase social isolation (Golant, 2017.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where and how baby boomers live will be important to the aging network in determing home repair, home maintenance, and location of services.   Boomers also want to age in place for as long as possible and universal design becomes increasingly important to help them remain independent such as lower cabinets, contrasting colors, where the door handles are placed, and first floor bathrooms (Mather et al, 2016.) Also, a higher percentage of aging baby boomers are aging in place in suburban locales and neighborhoods rather than in the 1970s and 1980s when a higher share of older adults lived in more populated areas and inner cities and while not wide spread, there is growth in   naturally occurring retirement communities and age friendly communities as well as the growth in home care, adult day services (Golant, 2017; Moody Sasser, 2018.)   Transportation will continue to be an issue to help maintain older adults independence, but, boomers may be more a pt to use services such as Uber and Lyft and quite possibly self-driving cars.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based upon responses to the questions proposed earlier in this paper about the aging network, it certainly seems that there is a future role.   However, providers of aging services need to be able to keep up with the market demands and remain relevant to the potential consumers of their products and services.   While the broad, overall categories of the Older Americans Act continue to appear relevant, the manner and methods need to continue to evolve and change to meet the current interests, demands and wants of baby boomers.   And soon, it will be time again to look at the next generations from the Gen Xers to the Millennials to determine how to continue to offer services and supports as these cohorts age that are of relevance and need.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay - 926 Words

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Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Answer: Introduction: The concept of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been originated from management theorist who has depicted that individual willingness to contribute forces to cooperative system forms the basis of organization. Organization citizenship behavior may be defined as behaviors that are extra work related and this go beyond the routine duties by descriptions of job. It is used to describe behavior of employees within social system of different organization. There are five antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior identified by organizations and they include conscientiousness, altruism, civic virtue, sportsmanship and courtesy. This particular behavior has become increasingly necessary for maintaining roles of employees and social system within the organization. Employees role along with their organizational citizenship behavior is fundamental to organizations at both micro and macro level (Bergeron et al. 2013). An organization is directed as a whole toward making suggestions for improving facilities at workplace, helping to recruit appropriate people for performing specific tasks. However, such behaviors are difficult to cultivate within typical structure of organizations. It is important for organization to make identification of actions and characteristics that might lead to organizational citizenship behavior and help in their proper functioning. An OCB contribution to an organization comprise of two categories and this involves challenging and affiliative. Present work circumstances in an organization are supported by affiliative OCB (Gilmore et al. 2013). An example would be providing new recruitment tips on working with workplace resources. On the other hand, the current circumstances at work by voicing problems or improving existing processes are directed using challenging OCB. An example would be to develop new website page by proposing a new reporting system. Contribution of OCB toward positive organizational outcome: OCB has a positive impact on wellbeing and performance of employees and has noticeable flow effects on the organizations. There is correlational behavior between employees satisfaction and their performance. Behaviors of employees such as cooperation with supervisors and colleagues, making compromises and sacrifices are well incorporated in OCB. Workers engaged in OCB receives better rating by their managers and this may be because of hallo effect. Voluntary nature of OCB is they play a significant role in overall success of organization. Employees performing well are rewarded and this in turn contributes to their success (Moorman and Byrne 2013). This behavior is linked to absenteeism and lower rate of employee turnover and help in increasing productivity at organizational level. It also results in customer satisfaction, efficiency, and thereby reducing costs. Social capital such as facilitating stronger network for information transfer, better communication and improved efficiency. Citizenship behavior of organization helps in contributing to organizational effectiveness by shaping psychological, social and organizational context by serving as a catalyst of processes and task activities. It is argued by DiPaola and Tschannen-Moran (2014), that literature gives more focus on understanding relationship between OCB and various constructs instead of defining the nature carefully. Identification of antecedents of OCB: There are five antecedents or dimension of organizational citizenship behavior. Conscientiousness- This particular antecedent relates to discretionary behavior that goes well beyond the minimum role requirement level of organization such as extra-long days work, not taking extra breaks and obeying regulations and rules. It is indicative of the fact that an individual is self-disciplined, hardworking, organized and accountable. It is regarded as prototype that goes well beyond minimum required level of housekeeping, attendance, punctuality overall impression that regards them of being responsible citizen and an attitude toward conservation of resources. An employee having high level of conscientiousness indicates that he requires less supervision and is responsible (Somech and Drach-Zahavy, 2013). Altruism- It is used to indicate whether the organizational members are helpful and assists other member in their tasks. This includes providing assistance to absent workers, helping workers who are overloaded, helping new employees voluntarily and guiding employees for accomplishing their works. Civic virtue- Civic virtue involves constructive involvement of employees in the organization political process and contribute toward process by frankly expressing their opinions, attending meetings, reading organizational communication and discussing issues concerning organization with employees. It indicates that employees participate dutifully and is actively involved and concerned about companys wellbeing. Such behavior comes when employees consider themselves as part of the organization. Under this dimension, employees effectively monitor environment of the organization for several opportunities and threats. Findings of Graham indicates that it is the responsibility of organization for being good organizational citizen (Shahin et al. 2014). Sportsmanship- It refers to the willingness of employees for tolerating inconveniences that are inevitable and work impositions without working. There are some inconveniences that can be generated in exercising professional activity and sportsmanship is the employees desire if not complaining when facing such circumstances. Difficulties faced in an organization and being tolerant towards any problems forms a part of this dimension. This particular antecedent help in conserving energies of organization for accomplishing the tasks and makes managers stress free from unnecessary workplace. Morale of employees at workplace is enhanced with the help of sportsmanship and this helps in reducing turnover of employees (Naqshbandi and Kaur 2013). Courtesy- Courtesy is another dimension of organizational citizenship behavior and it refers to gestures that helps in preventing occurrence of interpersonal problems. Such interpersonal problems involves consulting others before taking any actions, giving prior notice to employees who are in needs. This dimension demonstrates or lies in interest of prevention of problems for co-workers that is created in organization. An example of courtesy at work is leaving printer or laptop in good condition for enabling application by other users. Employees who are courteous assist in preventing managers from falling into situation of crisis management by taking efforts in avoiding problems for coworkers (Podsakoff et al. 2014). Conclusions: From the evidence depicted by literature review of OCB, it can be concluded that antecedents are the factors contributing that is responsible for enhancing the performance of employees in an organization. The agreement is that there is organizational performance and employees behavior is positively impacted by OCB. It is suggested by growing literature evidence that the pleasantness of workplace settings is enhanced by this citizenship behavior and contributing to improved performance and efficiency. Reference: Bergeron, D.M., Shipp, A.J., Rosen, B. and Furst, S.A., 2013. Organizational citizenship behavior and career outcomes: The cost of being a good citizen.Journal of Management,39(4), pp.958-984. DiPaola, M. and Tschannen-Moran, M., 2014. Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate.Journal of School Leadership,11(5), pp.424-447. Gilmore, P.L., Hu, X., Wei, F., Tetrick, L.E. and Zaccaro, S.J., 2013. Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership's influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(8), pp.1061-1075. Moorman, R.H. and Byrne, Z.S., 2013. How Does Organizational justice A?ect Organizational Citizenship Behavior?.Handbook of organizational justice, p.355. Naqshbandi, D.M.M. and Kaur, S., 2013. A study of organizational citizenship behaviours, organizational structures and open innovation. Podsakoff, N.P., Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Maynes, T.D. and Spoelma, T.M., 2014. Consequences of unit?level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(S1), pp.S87-S119. Shahin, A., Shabani Naftchali, J. and Khazaei Pool, J., 2014. Developing a model for the influence of perceived organizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational performance based on balanced score card.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,63(3), pp.290-307. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Organizational citizenship behaviour and employee's strain: Examining the buffering effects of leader support and participation in decision making.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(2), pp.138-149.

The Plant Cell Essays - Organelles, Membrane Biology, Cell Biology

The Plant Cell Cell Wall Size: Around 1? Basic Function: * Hold the shape of the cell. * Strengthen the cell. Covering the cell membrane of the plant cell, there is the cell wall. The cell wall is composed of two layers of rigid, hard cellulose embedded in compounds like pectin and lignin. Pores in the cell wall allow molecules to pass through. The cell wall has two parts. The primary cell wall is formed during the growth of the cell. After the cell has stopped growing, a secondary cell wall forms. This secondary wall is made of lignin and cellulose, woven together tightly, to prevent further growth and to form and strong protective barrier. Cytoplasm Size: Unmeasurable Basic Function: * Helps dissolve waste products * Creates a "medium" for vesicles to travel through * Aids in cell metabolism * Serves as a home for the cytoskeleton. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like material that makes up much of the cell. It is 80% water and usually clear in color. It also contains many salts. The liquid portion is referred to as cytosol. In fact, "cytoplasm" means "cell substance." The cytoplasm is also the home of the cytoskeleton, a network of cytoplasmic filaments that are responsible for the movement of the cell. The cytoplasm is constantly moving and churning due to cytoplasmic streaming. Golgi Apparatus Size: Between 2 and 3? Basic Function: * Serves as "processing center" for cell. * Packages and processes new proteins. * Prepares proteins for secretion or storage. The Golgi Apparatus is a series of stacked membranes in the cytoplasm that packages proteins for secretion or storage in vesicles. Inside the membranes are sacs of fluid or gel-like substances. The Golgi Apparatus takes proteins in transport sacs from the endoplasmic reticulum and sends it through a series of these membranes. The proteins are then "modified"' as they pass from membrane to membrane. After the vesicle of proteins has finished its trip through the Golgi Apparatus, it buds off the organelle in a Golgi sac, ready to be stored or transported to other parts of the body. Cell Membrane Size: 7 to 8 NM (nanometers) Basic Function: * Controls what enters and exits the cell. * Separates cell from outer environment. On the outside of all cells, there is a layer of protein and lipid (fat) called the cell membrane or the plasma membrane. This membrane is found in ALL cells. The membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows some molecules to enter and some not to. The membrane allows molecules in through two forms of transport, active and passive. Passive transport consists of simple diffusion through the pores in the membrane or carrier molecules. Active transport consists of endocytosis, exocytosis, and the sodium- potassium pump. The membrane also protects the cell from the outside environment, keeping the cytoplasm and its organelles in, and all of the stuff outside out. Mitochondria Size: 2 to 3 ?m Basic Function: * Serves as "respiration" center" for cell. * Makes energy for the cell. Floating inside the cytoplasm are a series of fairly large organelles called Mitochondria. These organelles, the size of some bacteria, serve as the cell's respiration centers, the place where energy for the cell is produced. Since the Mitochondria serves as a center for energy production, there are varying numbers of mitochondria in different cells. Muscles have many mitochondria due to the amount of energy they need, but skin cells have very few. The mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) have two membranes. The outer membrane protects the organelle, and the inner membrane is folded into a series cristae or long folds. Endoplasmic Reticulum Size: Highly variable Basic Function: * Serves as "transportation system" for cell. * Moves proteins and vesicles around cell. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (or ER) serves as a home for the ribosomes of a cell and as a "highway" for the cell's proteins to be transported on. Being close to the ribosomes allows for the quick transfer of proteins from them to the rest of the cell. This "highway" is composed of interconnected membranes and vesicles. The process of transporting these newly created proteins is critical to the cell, and is required for furthur survival. The ER is very closely associated with the Golgi Apparatus. Vacuole Size: Varies from 10+? to quite small. Basic Function: * Serves as large storage centers for cell. * Hold water and many nutrients Inside the cell, surrounded by the cytoplasm, is

The Perfect Civilization essays

The Perfect Civilization essays Civilization is defined as a relatively high level of cultural and technological development, but what does this really mean? This definition is relative to when and where you live. Someone living in Milwaukee today will have a different description of civilization than someone living in twelfth-century England. More specifically, the dictionary defines civilization as the stage of cultural development at which writing and keeping written records is attained, but this is ambiguous as well. Our cave-dwelling ancestors had the ability to carve things into rock, and some of these carvings even tell stories. Does this mean, then, that they were civilized? Civilization is not a term that can be defined in the dictionary very well, because everyone has a different image of what civilization is. Some say that now, even with inventions such as the telephone, the computer and Internet, that we're not civilized people. Some say civilization is anywhere densely populated, this is evident when p eople say they've come 'back to civilization'. Civilization is a difficult term to grasp, and the ideal civilization is an even more difficult concept. What makes a civilization ideal? The ideal civilization, whether it's on an alien planet, or here on Earth, will consist of an egalitarianistic society, a system of law and order that focuses on rehabilitation instead of punishment, and a hybrid system of government. In the ideal civilization, conflict must be kept to a minimum. One of the many causes of conflict is segregation, whether it's through social status, race or political affiliation. In the ideal society, everyone is equal in the eyes of the government. Equal salaries, free time and the like. This approach is somewhat communist, but the government will not follow a strictly communist regime. In order to keep the population working hard, you have to keep the population happy. This can lead to problems because, as it's evident in current communi ...

The Complete Guide to Ebook Publishing Platforms

The Complete Guide to Ebook Publishing Platforms The Complete Guide to Ebook Distribution At Reedsy, our goal has always been to help authors through every stage of the publishing process, from the actual writing down to the marketing and promotion. However, if there's one thing our marketplace can't do, it's the actual publishing of the book. By that, I mean pressing the button that puts your book up for sale on Amazon - and other retailers.Ebook distribution is a complex, ever-evolving topic. Every year, new retailers open their gates, while existing ones close. To make authors’ lives easier, we’ve compiled everything you need to know about ebook distribution in this guide - which we religiously update every year to make sure that all the information in it is up to date. Everything you need to know about ebook distribution (but never considered asking) Now, there are two ways to read this post. If you want to know everything, go from top to bottom and absorb all the information. If you’re just looking for simple, clear-cut instructions on how to get your books onto the major ebook stores in the best way possible, then head straight to our optimized distribution setup infographic.What you need before you publish: formats, ISBNs moreBefore you can get your book up on different ebook stores, you'll need a couple of things: your properly formatted ebook files and a professional cover design.ISBN for Self-Publishers: The Complete Guide Read post Most e-retailers (e.g. Amazon) don’t require your ebook to have an existing ISBN, and most ebook publishing platforms (e.g. Draft2Digital) will provide one for free anyway. Some platforms like PublishDrive don’t offer a free ISBN, but will instead assign to your book another kind of unique identification number which will be accepted by the different stores they publish to.So, all in all, you don’t need an ISBN for ebook publication. Are there benefits to getting one? Yes: if you purchase your own ISBN and register it to your publishing company, your book will show up on retailers as being published by you (rather than by the publishing platform you used). Top #selfpub tip: If you purchase your own ISBNs, each format of your book needs its own. If you do purchase your own ISBNs, here’s the one rule you need to know: each format of your book needs to have its own ISBN. This means, in theory, that your .mobi on Amazon should have a different ISBN from your EPUB on the other stores. If you publish a print book as well (check out our list of print  book distributors right here), then your paperback and hardback will need different ISBNs as well.In the US, you can purchase ISBNs at Bowker. In the UK, you can purchase them at Nielsen. In Canada, you’re lucky, they’re free, and available through the Canadian ISBN Service System (CISS)! 🠍 A professional cover designOn top of your EPUB or .mobi, the other file you’ll need to upload is your book cover file. It’s important to check each retailer/distributor to see exactly what dimensions they require for covers. For example, Draft2Digital recommends a JPEG with dimensions of 1600 Ãâ€" 2400 pixels (a 1.5 ratio), whereas Amazon currently recom mends dimensions of 2,560 Ãâ€" 1,600 pixels (a 1.6 ratio). Knowing your dimensions ahead of time can save you and your cover designer time and ensure that your entire design appears as you intended.We have written extensively on this blog about the importance of hiring a professional cover artist to design your cover. If you want to find out to work with a world-class designer without breaking the bank, read this.Now that you have all the files you need to publish your ebook, it’s time to make one of the biggest decisions in your author career: are you going to publish exclusively on Amazon, or â€Å"go wide†?Amazon exclusivity vs â€Å"going wide†Surely, if I want to maximize my sales, I should make my ebook available to as many retailers as possible, right? That’s true, but here’s the trick: Amazon will offer you a lot of promotional advantages to entice you to publish your book exclusively on their stores. And depending on your book, genre, and marketing strategy, these benefits can far outweigh the drawbacks of not selling on Apple Books or Kobo. When is KDP Select not your best option for ebook distribution? #selfpub tips The case for Amazon exclusivityWhether you choose to be exclusive or not, your first ebook distribution step will be to upload your book to Amazon through Kindle Direct Publishing. This is when you’ll be presented with an option: enrolling in KDP Select.KDP Select is the name of Amazon’s exclusivity program. In exchange for not listing your book anywhere else (that includes direct sales or giveaways through your website, by the way) for a minimum period of 90 days, you’ll get access to:Kindle Countdown Deals: for a period of 7 days every 90 days, you can discount your book. This â€Å"countdown deal† will be promoted to Amazon customers, and you’ll earn the 70% royalty - even on sales below $2.99.Kindle Free Promotions: for a period of 5 days every 90 days, you can set your book as free on the Kindle store. This free promotion will grant your book quite a bit of visibility on the free store.Kindle Unlimited and Kindle Owners’ Lending Library : KDP Select books are automatically enrolled in Kindle Unlimited (KU) and Kindle Owners’ Lending Library (KOLL), two subscription services that are extremely popular among Amazon customers. KU/KOLL authors are paid a percentage of the KDP Select Global Fund based on the number of pages of their books read by KU/KOLL subscribers every month.On top of these benefits, a KDP Select ebook will also earn you 70% royalty for sales to customers in Japan, India, Brazil and Mexico (35% otherwise).The case for â€Å"going wide†Amazon controls around 80% of the ebook market in the US and UK, but their market share is much lower in other countries. In Canada, for example, Kobo alone controls over 25% of the ebook market. In Germany, Tolino has the same market share as Amazon.Not being exclusive to Amazon - what we call â€Å"going wide† - gives you a chance to reach these other readers. Also, building a meaningful presence on smaller retailers can sometimes be easier than competing on Amazon (even with KDP Select’s perks).For a closer look at the pros and cons of Amazon exclusivity, take a look at this in-depth article. The ebook publishing landscape is an ever-changing one, and can be hard to navigate even for the most seasoned indie authors. We hope this post helped shed some light on the numerous distribution channels and opportunities available to authors, and how to make the most of them. We promise we'll do our best to update both our recommendations and the huge spreadsheet of aggregators and retailers on a regular basis.Acknowledgements: we'd like to give our thanks to Dan Wood at Draft2Digital, Monica Dubà © at PublishDrive and Giacomo D'Angelo at Streetlib for their help on our research. Special thanks as well to indie author Rohan Quine  whose distribution setup inspired us to write this post in the first place, and to Janell Robisch for her feedback.If you have any questions or comments about our recommended setup, or if you just want to have a virtual fireside chat with us about ebook distribution (who doesn't love that topic?!), please drop us a line in the comments below!

Cultural Revolution in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural Revolution in China - Essay Example This paper represents a study with old findings confirmed and new findings explored. Mao Tse Tung was born into a peasant family in the Shaoshan Valley in Hunan province in China to a Buddhist mother and a hard working, well educated father. His name was more of a formality than a name to identify a person. Mao was his surname and Tse was given to all the boys of his generation. Tung was his personal name. Altogether his name means: "to shine on the east". Moa's formal name is impressive and was meant to represent the great aspirations of the parents for their son. But, it was his pet name, Shisan Yazi, which he preferred to be called thru adulthood1. It is important to note that Mao had a name. Many peasant children did not receive a name per say but rather a description. At this point it's not so much that his name was important but rather the fact that he was given a name at all. This will be important to keep in mind when we explore his actions during the Cultural Revolution. Mao's mother was simply known as Seventh Sister Wen because she was the seventh girl born in the Wen clan2. Mao lived with his mother's clan until he was eight. He moved back to Shaoshan to begin his schooling. He was a good student and had a good memory. Mao was an avid reader and whilst he was in power it was not unusual for him to share his bed with many books. He often had meetings in his room with him lying down while his politburo members sat in chairs around the bed3. Moa was not a good student in the sense that he argued with his tutors and was asked on numerous occasions to leave and not return. Mao's father did not like Mao's laziness and often would strike (hit) him. Mao's father stopped paying for Mao's education and Mao had to work as a peasant. It was during this time that Mao married (an arranged marriage). She, like many other peasant children was not given a name but was called Woman Luo after her clan. She died after a year of marriage. Why is this background information so important We often hear that children are products of their environments and as adults their behaviour is thus based upon how they were treated as children. Mao is no exception. Much of his adult actions are as a result of his beliefs developed in childhood. Because he was a peasant does not mean that he grew to feel for the plights of the peasants. It is quite possible he took his observations of the treatments of peasants to a greater level and treated the Chinese people as if all were peasants to be treated badly and without an identity. According to Jung Chang, in his book The Unknown Story of Mao, "Mao's peasant background did not imbue him with idealism about improving the lot of Chinese peasants" Becoming a Communist. Mao attended school in Changsa at 17. He never returned to his peasant past and had no sympathy for the plight of the peasants. During his days in Changsa he read the papers religiously and read about overthrowing the Emperor (Manchu). It was during this time that he became a communist. To please his father (so he would continue to send tuition money) Mao entered a teacher's college that was modelled after European schools. It was here that Mao learned about Marxism. It was during his time there that Mao developed the "I" attitude where he shunned any responsibility for

The Connection between Bush and the Royal Saudi Family Essay

The Connection between Bush and the Royal Saudi Family - Essay Example (Sirota, Harvey, & Legum, 2004, np) That in and of itself was note worthy enough, but when coupled with the events surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks suddenly everything took on new meaning. It all began in the 1968 when Bush joined the Texas Air National Guard. He is introduced to and got acquainted with Jim Bath, a former Air Force pilot and the future mediator between Bush and the royal families in Saudi. Years later, Salem Bin Laden, older brother Osama bin Laden, would enter into a trust agreement with Jim Bath, whereby Bath acted as the bin Laden family's representative in North America, investing money in various business ventures. And as if by chance, the same Laden in 1978 invested more than 1 Billion dollars in a Texas based Oil Company called Arbusto - not so surprisingly a Bush venture. Thus began the legacy which has spanned nearly forty years to date. During this same time period George H. W. Bush was climbing his way up the political ladder. In 1976 he was named director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). As luck would have it for the Bush family, during his tenure as CIA Director, the senior Bush arranged training for the Saudi Royal Family's security force. This act sealed the association between the two families. During this time while still with the CIA, George H. W. Bush "privatized various CIA assets, with Bath considered one of the beneficiaries because of his involvement in the aircraft business." (Saudi, 2003, pp. 1) During 1980 the senior Bush was on the Primary Election ballot for the Presidency. He lost to Ronald Regan, but in a show of party unity Bush became Reagan's Vice-presidential running mate. In 1988 Bush ran for election and won. As early as 1991 there had been links place between the Bush and Saudi Royal Family, but its significance would not be truly felt for another 10 years. During 1991 Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), a Mid-Eastern bank financed in part by Khalid Bin Mahfouz, who is closely tied to both the bin Laden and the Royal Family, was arrested for withdrawing huge sums of money from the bank prior to its being seized by the U. S. Government for money laundering and other fiscal illegalities. Instead of facing jail time, however, he was levied hefty fines which he paid. 1991 also saw the beginning of the first Gulf War. Bush ordered the military attack to expel Saddam Hussein and his forces from Kuwait in order to ensure the oil pipelines remained open. The decision to enter Kuwait was also discussed with the Saudi government and they urged Bush to use U. S. military forces to expel Hussein. Having the U. S. involved in the first Gulf War was in the Saudi's best interest. They didn't have to launch a military attack against a Middle East neighbor, and, further, if Hussein had been left unchecked he could have very well also invaded Saudi Arabia. The first Gulf War was very short lived and in a matter of just a few days Kuwait had been liberated. There was much debate by the American public at this time as to whether the President should have 'kept going' at that point and remove Hussein from power. However, under advice of his military strategists and political advisors, the military was ordered out of the country. Bush senior was not re-elected in 1992 and many people felt it was due

Population and Economy Essay Example for Free

Population and Economy Essay Before seventeenth century the world population increased very slowly i.e,it has been estimated that by 1650 the population had doubled since the year to about 500million.Over the following 200years the rate of increase was much faster ,so that by 1850 the population had more than doubled to 1200million.After that, the population growth accelerated so rapidly that people talked about a population â€Å"explosion†;in 1927 it reached the 2000million mark and by the year 2000,it had passed 6000 million. In 2003 the UN calculated that if the population continued to increase at the same rate, the global total would be somewhere between 10000 million and 14000 million by 2050, depending on how effectively family planning campaigns were carried out. It was also estimated, given the much lower birth rates in the developed world, that almost 90 per cent of the people would be living in the poorer countries. During the 1980s the spread of HIV/AIDS reached pandemic proportions; most countries in the world were affected, but again it the poor nations of the Third World which suffered worst. The population growth of the nineteenth century helped to stimulate further economic development. There was a plentiful workforce and more people to buy goods, and this encouraged more investment and enterprise. Nor were there any great problems about feeding and educating these growing numbers because prosperity meant that the necessary resources were available. Later on, there were unexpected effects on the age structure of the population in the developed nations which was especially true in Europe where, because of the very low birth-rates and longer life expectancy, a growing proportion of the population was over 65. Read more:  Advantages and Disadvantages of Population The rapid population growth caused serious problems: some countries, like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, became overcrowded and there was insufficient land to go round. This forced people to move into towns and cities, but these were already over-crowded and there were not enough houses or jobs for all the new arrivals. All areas of the world succeeded in increasing their food production during the late 1960s and 190s, thanks to what became known as the â€Å"green revolution. Scientists developed new strains of heavy cropping rice and wheat on short, fast-growing stems, helped by fertilizers and irrigation schemes. For a time, food supplies seemed to be well ahead of population growth. In the USA crop yields increased three-fold between 1945 and 1995 and the Americans were able to export surplus crops to over a hundred countries. Third World governments were forced to spend their valuable cash to feed, house, and educate their growing populations. But these used resources which they would have preferred to spend on industrializing and modernizing their countries, and so their economic development was delayed.The general shortage of resources meant that the poorest countries also lacked sufficient cash to spend on health care. Health systems in many poorer countries were collapsing, and the situation was becoming worse because richer countries were reducing aid.

An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing Essay -- Papers

An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing It was my first time at Dubai Airport, the symbol of United Arab Emirates' aviation ascendancy. The bustling International airport was a long way away from my rural residence. Due to the long distance, we had been obliged to take the taxi instead of making use of public transport. The atmosphere in the car was generally silent, but occasionally my parents moaned about all the minor discomforts of the journey. It felt like we were in a funeral. Hours after departing my house, we started noticing frequent aeroplanes, low down in the sky indicating the proximity to the airport. The roads had become more congested and the air was more contaminated than from where we had initially departed. During the taxi ride to Dubai Airport a sense of inexplicable anticipation had built up within me. As we arrived at the airport, I stared in awe at the size and beauty of the place. Just looking at the sheer number of people in the airport overwhelmed me. When traveling by plane, most people are in fear of getting hijacked or the plane crashing, but the main form of fear for me was fear of getting lost at the airports or there being complications with the flight tickets. Although the reasons for my fear were trivial in comparison, they built up a sense of nervousness with me. As I perambulated through the long, tedious, oblique passageway of the edifice into the capacious waiting room, I started quivering in obvious trepidation. The waiting room was an enormous room abundant with people from many different social classes. Parents tightly held their children's hands in solitude of losing them in the... ...rries has been deeply carved into my heart where it will stay forever, and so will Linda. I had always thought of myself as a "boring person" who did the most tedious things and who would never fall in love but I was wrong. I used to think that my life was like a bittersweet symphony, similar to the words of a sad song, where the words have no meaning. My life had always been like a pointless existence in my view. This dramatic experience taught me that merely to exist is not enough. Life must have a purpose; a meaning; a reason. Life must encompass dreams of aspiration. From that day, I decided what my goal of life would be. The realization of the value of life stimulated me to become a doctor and help save other people's valuable lives. I guess I gained something from this journeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but not what I really wanted. An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing Essay -- Papers An Unforgettable Experience - Original Writing It was my first time at Dubai Airport, the symbol of United Arab Emirates' aviation ascendancy. The bustling International airport was a long way away from my rural residence. Due to the long distance, we had been obliged to take the taxi instead of making use of public transport. The atmosphere in the car was generally silent, but occasionally my parents moaned about all the minor discomforts of the journey. It felt like we were in a funeral. Hours after departing my house, we started noticing frequent aeroplanes, low down in the sky indicating the proximity to the airport. The roads had become more congested and the air was more contaminated than from where we had initially departed. During the taxi ride to Dubai Airport a sense of inexplicable anticipation had built up within me. As we arrived at the airport, I stared in awe at the size and beauty of the place. Just looking at the sheer number of people in the airport overwhelmed me. When traveling by plane, most people are in fear of getting hijacked or the plane crashing, but the main form of fear for me was fear of getting lost at the airports or there being complications with the flight tickets. Although the reasons for my fear were trivial in comparison, they built up a sense of nervousness with me. As I perambulated through the long, tedious, oblique passageway of the edifice into the capacious waiting room, I started quivering in obvious trepidation. The waiting room was an enormous room abundant with people from many different social classes. Parents tightly held their children's hands in solitude of losing them in the... ...rries has been deeply carved into my heart where it will stay forever, and so will Linda. I had always thought of myself as a "boring person" who did the most tedious things and who would never fall in love but I was wrong. I used to think that my life was like a bittersweet symphony, similar to the words of a sad song, where the words have no meaning. My life had always been like a pointless existence in my view. This dramatic experience taught me that merely to exist is not enough. Life must have a purpose; a meaning; a reason. Life must encompass dreams of aspiration. From that day, I decided what my goal of life would be. The realization of the value of life stimulated me to become a doctor and help save other people's valuable lives. I guess I gained something from this journeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but not what I really wanted.

Midterm review Essay

I thought I would just offer some guidelines for study for the essay portion of the midterm exam. Remember that you will have 3 hours to complete the exam. You may use your notes, articles, etc., but you need to have familiarity with the material before you start or you may run out of time. Remember also that you can only enter the test one time, so you can’t go away and start again†¦be prepared†¦these are possible essay questions†¦familiarize yourself with these topics and know how to write thorough responses to the questions. Baase states that it is not only technologies and systems that change quickly, but also the social impacts and controversies that are inherent in such rapid development. Discuss some of the positive and negative aspects that the pace of advancement has upon our culture as a whole. Use detailed examples. What are some of the key impacts of the Industrial Revolution? You may discuss not only ones which came about within the time-span attributed to the Industrial Revolution, but also those which stretched long past the end of that particular historical era. Do you agree with the assertion that we are now living in a third-great technological transformation—the Knowledge Revolution? Have computers truly changed our lives so much that we can call this a revolution like the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century? Support your answer providing specific comparisons from the two periods. Discuss the Neolithic Revolution, citing its importance in terms of laying the groundwork for the ongoing development of technological advances throughout history. Utilize specific examples in order to better illustrate your arguments. Discuss the specific role the Protestant Reformation played in laying the groundwork for the advancement of communication techniques and technologies within Western culture. Define and compare at least two of the ethical theories described by Baase. What are their strengths? In what areas do they lack? Do these theories hold up within our modern, technological society? Has the development of digital technologies democratized the art of photography? How has this affected our appreciation of the photographer as artist and photography as an art form? Explain using specific examples. How have  changes in technology affected the recording industry and our understanding of what it means to be a professional musician? How have changes in technology affected our access to recorded music and the control exercised by traditional distributors? How will all these changes affect cultural trends and our expectations of music as an art form? Provide specific examples. How have changes in communications technologies affected how we write and what we write? How do Wikis and blogs compare to traditional forms such as textbooks and newspaper editorials? Please be specific. I hope that this helps guide your preparation.

Defining the Visual Arts Essay

Visual art defined Visual arts can be defined in many ways. The textbook answer was unobtainable for this class. Visual literacy seems to be the focus of the textbook. Online research has yielded slightly better insight: â€Å"The visual arts are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,filmmaking and architecture. These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.† [1] Basically, visual art would be any type of art that can be appreciated visually. Differentiation from other creative expression The visual arts set themselves apart from other art forms due to their very name and meaning. Literally, it refers to art work which can be appreciated visually, not audibly, or theoretically, but tangibly visible. Visual arts are very expansive and do not only include unique or fine art, but also practical things such as standard building design and practical objects like Aboriginal tools or other artifacts. In some people’s eyes, something as plain as a school bus could be considered visual art. Visual arts media types The Visual arts have many different media types with which visual artists can â€Å"paint.† Some of the types are: Dry Media & Liquid Media – Encaustic painting is one example of a type of liquid media, Drawing media, Mixed media, Printed Media, and many more. Virtually any way one can create visual art is derived from a type of Visual arts media. Meaning of visual arts values Just as society and individual people have their values, so does the artist. The values behind visual arts can be compared to understanding the meaning behind the lyrics of a song. If one does not understand the artists views and/or values, they will not understand the true value of a particular work of art. This is not true in every piece of art, however. In some cases, an artist intends for his viewers to ascertain the values of the artwork on their own. Factors of interpretation In factoring interpretation, there are different ways to interpret anything, whether it’s music, dance, or static visual art displays. If an artist wants their artwork to be interpreted in a certain way, they would have to take into account the overall public opinion on a topic. The values of a piece of artwork play a major role in how a piece is interpreted. As mentioned in the text, Westerners look at the picture of the Arabic woman with a gun, and can only think of one thing, when in reality, the photographer had other intentions for the interpretation of that photo-art. References 1. Brown, George http://www.georgebrown.ca/centers/ad/index.aspx Center for Arts and Design in Toronto, Canada†. Georgebrown.ca. 2011-02-15. Retrieved 2011-10-30. 2. Sayre, Henry M., A World of Art, Sixth Edition, Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education

The conquest of ireland essays

The conquest of ireland essays ENGLISH IMPERAIALISM UNDER HENRY II In 1155 Pope Adrian IV issued a significant bull that changed the history of Ireland and England forever. The papal bull issued gave Henry II, King of England (1154-1189), the right to conquer Ireland . Ireland has gained and lost as a result of English rule. It was rewarded with a stronger Church and a more centralized government. It lost some of its cultural values and customs, as well as its own system government for example; its clan-based hierarchy was removed. Henry IIs control of Ireland was not solely based on the word of Adrian IV, there were a number of nobles who made it possible. One of the most important was Dermot MacMurrough, the king of Linster (an Irish city-state). Linster held in its bounds the main port city between Ireland and England. Being the King of Linster MacMurrough had control over trade and all other maritime activities of Ireland while he was king. Because of their close proximity, trade, and other maritime activity MacMurrough and Henry II developed a close relationship . Shortly after Adrian IV issued the bull, MacMurrough went to Henry II asking for help because he had been banished from Ireland his other Irish nobles. Henry II saw the weak Irish government and the internal quarrels that it created as an opportunity to act on the bull issued to him and agreed to help MacMurrough. Henry II wrote a letter to MacMurrough upon hearing his request for assistance; it is the best evidence of such sentiment. "Henry, king of England, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to all his liegemen, English, Normans, Welsh, and Scots, and to all other nations subject to his dominion, Sendeth, greeting, Whensoever these our letters shall come unto you, know ye that we have received Dermitius [Dermot], prince of Leinster, unto our grace and favor, -Wherefore, whosoever within the bounds of our territories shall be willing to give him aid, as...

Calorie Definition in Chemistry

Calorie Definition in Chemistry A calorie  is a unit of energy, but whether or not the c in the word is capitalized matters. Heres what you need to know: Calorie Definition A calorie is a unit of thermal energy equal to 4.184 joules or the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water 1 °C at standard pressure. Sometimes a calorie (written with a lowercase c) is called a small calories or a gram calorie. The symbol for the calorie is cal. When the word Calorie is written with an uppercase C, it refers to the large calorie, food calorie, or kilogram calorie. The Calorie is 100 calories or the amount of thermal energy needed to heat one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. Calorie History Nicolas  Clà ©ment, a French chemist and physicist, first defined the calorie as a unit of heat or thermal energy in 1824. The word calorie comes from the Latin word calor, which means heat. The small calorie was defined in English and French dictionaries around 1841 to 1867. Wilbur Olin Atwater introduced the large calorie in 1887. Calorie Versus Joule The calorie is based on joules, grams, and degrees Celsius, so in a way its a metric unit, but the official unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is simply the joule. In the modern era, its more common to express thermal energy in terms of joules per kelvin per gram or kilogram. These values relate to the specific heat capacity of water. While the small calorie is still used sometimes in chemistry and the large calorie is used for food, joules (J) and kilojoules (kJ) are the preferred units.

Wind Tunnel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wind Tunnel - Essay Example Moreover, the drag ought to oppose force within the opposite direction in order maintain or escalates the velocity of the object. The drag on the body resulted from pressure drag and corresponding friction drag. Pressure drag normally emanates from the disturbance of the new flow stream as it passes the prevailing body thus developing the turbulent wake. Pressure drag relies on the roughness of the surface, shape of the prevailing body coupled with the Reynolds number of the flow and the corresponding effect of supplementary body. The pressure relies on the prevailing roughness of the surface, the shape of the objects, the underlying Reynolds number of the existing flow coupled with the influence of the supplementary of the body. Moreover, the friction drag is normally measured for the objects moving at the flow velocity within the vicious that results to extremely low Reynolds numbers. In case the fluid stream flows of the body corresponds to the surface of the prevailing body, the boundary layer segregates the surface resulting formed from the turbulent. The net force from the pressure drag is normally developed from the pressure of the relatively lower stagnation location of the body. Moreover, the pressure drag is dimisheshed in case the separation takes place on the back due to the occurrences of the corresponding reduction. The drag is designated as 22 when the drag force is 22 where is d designates drag force ( N), and Cd depicting drag coefficient . The density of the underlying medium is expressed as Si Unit of kg/ m3. The velocity of the object is designated as V and projection area. The firs specimen was mounted on the open hemisphere within the wind tunnel struts offered on the three components balance. The zero mark was adjusted to the position of the counter balance weights till the bubbles within the spirits levels were centralized with the underlying jockey. The wind tunnel was started and the dial was adjusted

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example The main aspect of SHRM is the people and the people’s needs. Thus strategic human resource management involves aligning the goals of an organization with those of the people. This is a challenging task since in most cases the goals or the objectives of an organization and those of the people are unrelated (Samuelson and Marks, 2012). For instance, many employees are only concerned with their income and the need to propel their careers. On the other hand, an organization is concerned with productivity efficiency and cutting of production costs. These two objectives are dissimilar and have opposing orientation. However, the success of an organization is dependent on the level at which it HRM unites the goals of the organization with those of the employees. For instance, a HRM should device policies that maintains productivity or cuts down on cost while maintaining the productivity and satisfaction of individual employee. Thus for an organization to attain its strategic objectiv e, the staff must share into the objectives and vision of the company. This aspect creates the first challenge of strategic management as described by (Henderson, 2006, p. 123). Henderson (2006) claims that integrating the people with organizational goals are the most challenging undertaking in HRM. Moreover, the integration process creates management problems. For example, it is difficult or impossible to compel employees to accept a pay cut in order to save a company from collapsing. Conflicts between organization and employees objectives are classical scenarios in most companies. For example, employees object paid leave despite knowing that their companies are not making sufficient profit. To implement strategic HRM, the HRM should understand the meaning of Strategic HRM, aims of Strategic HRM and approaches to Strategic HRM Meaning of SHRM Before embanking into any Strategic HRM practices, a HRM must understand its meaning and significance within an organization. Firstly, the ma nagers should understand SHRM as an action of competitive advantage. With such basic definition, the HRM will be able to define other aspects of HRM and apply them effectively. Many HRM studies have the following general approaches to the meaning of HRM. Use of planning A systematic approach towards personnel management and design Strategic use of human capital Attainment of competitive advantage The points stated above can be combined to develop a practical meaning of SHRM. Ideally, strategic HRM deal with organizational issues that are concerned with changes in structure, organizational performance, culture, and aligning resources with future needs of the organization. Thus, strategic HRM is concerned with human capital development as well as building production capacity of an organization. Alternatively, SHRM deals with human capital issues that are affected by strategic plans of a company. Aims of SHRM The main aim of strategic HRM is continued relationship between the people an d the organization management into the long term. Behind this rationale is the concept of defining and achieving competitive

Computer networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Computer networks - Essay Example Moreover, Cisco devices deliver integration features that will support compatibility and scalability issues with upcoming applications and services. For addressing, network security, again Cisco firewalls are implemented to protect the network from viruses, worms and probes. In summary, Cisco 3845 integrated service router is implemented for exchanging communication from the local area network interface to the WAN interface. The router provides productivity, integration and enhanced features along with Cisco 3845 (ISR) Site-to-Site VPN Support, Cisco 3845 (ISR) Remote Access VPN Support, Cisco 3845 (ISR) Network Admission Control support, Cisco 3845 (ISR) Digital Voice Call support , Cisco Unified Communication Support and Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) support. Moreover, data switches are also acquired from Cisco named as Cisco Catalyst 3750 that provides enhanced features. Moreover, for wireless networks, Cisco Unified Wireless network featuring Cisco Wireless Cont rol System along with Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN Controllers are deployed. Furthermore, the wireless network also supports Cisco Clear air Technology. For remote connectivity and scalability, Cisco service mobility engines are installed. For application support, SOAP and XML Support and Context aware Services are available. In addition, for addressing network security, Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances (For Wired Network), AIP-SSM Intrusion Prevention Module and Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (W IPS) (For Wireless Networks) is operational. Fig 1.1 demonstrates the local area network of an organization below: Figure 1.1 (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) Structure and Cabling The current network is constructed on Star topology that is the most widely adopted topology, as it has many benefits when compared to other topologies. By implementing star topology, network engineers can administer and troubleshoot the network more efficiently and effectively. Star topology provid es a one stop monitoring screen that demonstrates activities on the local area network. Likewise, the cost of implementing and managing the local area network is comparatively low, as less resources and low network downtime occurs. Moreover, network security is addressed efficiently, as monitoring of each system or service is carried out

Eli Whitney Essay Example for Free

Eli Whitney Essay Eli Whitney (1765-1825) was a mechanical wizard. While travelling in the south, he became acquainted with the problem of removing the seeds from cotton. Enormous numbers of slaves were employed pulling the seeds out by hand. Eli Whitney spent a whole two weeks on this challenge and invented the cotton gin. He patented the invention and went on to capitalize on his invention by opening a factory to make cotton gins. It ended in bankruptcy. The failure of Eli Whitney to make his fortune on the cotton gin was due primarily to the very simplicity of the design of the machine. Once the initial shipments of Whitneys cotton gin arrived on the cotton plantations of the South, entrepreneurial individuals pried off the top and peered inside. What they saw was eminently copiableand copy they did. The Patent Office in Washington wasnt eager to send agents into the South to enforce Eli Whitneys patent rights, and he couldnt obtain legal redress in the court system, so he eventually walked away from his invention. Business students, in common with all students, are told not to copy. Copying is dishonourable and deserving of dismissal. They graduate and enter a world in which copying is endemic. A new idea is not the property of its originator because everyone copies in all areas of business. If a firm discovers a more efficient way of doing something, it will be copied. If a firm discovers a more effective way of marketing a product, it will be copied. If a firm discovers a more efficacious way of financing its expansion, it will be copied. Copying is critical in understanding the nature of the business cycle. Copying contributes to the ups and downs of the business cycle by directing larger investments into new areas than would occur if copying were not so endemic. The building of a greater number of factories than is necessary is a consequence of copying that helps to keep the good times good. (Randall Bartlett, 1998). On the other side of the coin, copying can cause businesses to dedicate too much productive capacity to new products. When all the investments are completed and the combined productive capacity of a thousand and one copyists is brought to bear on the market, all the copyists have for their efforts are huge unsold inventories and excessive productive capacity. Then they copy one another again by collectively slashing production to try to keep inventories in line with sales. This type of copying helps to turn good times into bad. One might expect that patent protection should limit copying. However, if what is being copied is a strategy for marketing or making financial deals, there is no patent infringement because an idea cannot be patented. Even copyrights on computer software have been difficult to enforce because a program can be essentially copied by rewriting it with minor editorial changes, such as calling something X that was called Y in the original program. Patents on products and processes are enforceable within a given nation, but they are more difficult to enforce in the international arena. Thus, a firm can spend millions to develop a new product and find itself in the position of not being able to recoup its research and development expenditures because copies are being imported from foreign copiers that do not have to price the goods on the basis of recouping the initial RD expense. The globalization of manufacturing facilities and free trade has proved to be a boon for copyists. The simplicity of the cotton gin, the ease of copying it, and Whitneys sad return on his investment in his invention are of interest in understanding the role of copying in the business cycle. But the real point of this discussion is Eli Whitney on the comeback trail. Whitney obtained a government contract to make ten thousand muskets. The contract presumed that he would make the muskets in the way that all muskets, and everything else, were made. In the cottage industry of the day, a musket was assembled by an individual who made a barrel, a stock, a flintlock, a trigger, and the other mechanical parts. As each part was made, it was filed to fit the rest of the components making up the musket. The result of this mode of production was that each particular part of a musket was unique. A flintlock made for a musket could not be removed and interchanged with the flintlock of another musket and be expected to work. The parts were not interchangeable without further filing because they were not uniform in design and would not fit together properly. Each musket was, in effect, tailor made to its own set of specifications. (David Burner, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Virginia Bernhard, 1991). To fill his contract with the government, Eli Whitney built a factory near New Haven, Connecticut, in 1798, that was unique in several respects. Water-powered machines were designed to replace human effort as much as possible. The machines were dedicated to the manufacture of the individual component parts of a specified design, rather than each part being individually handmade. In other words, Eli Whitney was substituting machine labour for manual labour, thereby increasing the productivity of labour. In Whitneys factory, the parts produced were of sufficiently close tolerances to be interchangeable. Quality control was introduced to ensure that the flintlock of one musket would be interchangeable with the flintlock of another with no additional filing. Eli Whitneys uniformity system had at its core the idea of manufacturing ten thousand barrels, ten thousand stocks, ten thousand flintlocks, ten thousand trigger mechanisms, ten thousand whatever, all of sufficiently close tolerances to be interchangeable without additional filing. The parts were manufactured first, and the completed musket was assembled later. Whitneys uniformity system was the forerunner of todays assembly line. Eli Whitney gave to modern society the most productive means of manufacture known to mankind. There are those who can point to the fact that he did not originate the idea, that it had antecedents in Europe. That is true and bears about as much weight as the fact that Christopher Columbus was not the first European to discover America. Leif Ericsson may, or may not, have been first. Even if Ericsson was first, what does that do to take away from Columbus achievement? It was the discovery of America by Columbus that counts. The nations of North and South America owe their existence to Columbus explorations, not to Ericssons. The same holds true for Whitneys uniformity system. More than any other individual, he popularized the idea of Adam Smiths specialization of labour. Eli Whitney vastly increased the productivity of his specialized labour force by replacing tools with machines and by introducing quality control measures to ensure that the interchangeable parts were indeed interchangeable. His water-powered factory in New Haven was the progenitor of many such plants in the northern states. Daniel A. Wren, Ronald G. Greenwood, 1999). Eli Whitney affected the course of the development of the United States in two quite unintentional ways. The removal of the cotton seeds by the cotton gin rather than by a slaves fingers had a dramatic impact on the profitability of growing cotton in the South. One might conclude that the price of slaves would fall with the invention of the cotton gin because the labour required to remove the seeds from the cotton was nearly eliminated. Was there no other impact that might have turned out to be true? But the cotton gin made cotton growing much more profitable because the slaves could dedicate more of their time to planting and harvesting the cotton rather than to removing its seeds. Nothing did more to spread the growing of cotton in the South than did the cotton gin. As new areas of the South were brought under cultivation, there was a greater demand for slaves. The price of slaves increased, and the institution of slavery, which was actually waning at the time of the invention of the cotton gin, was given new life. The South embarked on a path of agriculture based on slave labour. In the North, just the opposite occurred. Whitneys factory in New Haven was a cause of the Norths embarking on a path of industrialization, based, as some would assert, on wage-slave labour. As in the South, Eli Whitney himself had no pretensions of embarking on anything. He invented the cotton gin and tried to make a buck from his invention. When that failed, he devised the uniformity system to make a buck out of a government contract. Nevertheless, the social repercussions of his contributions to technology had a significant impact on the history of the nation. (John G. Blair, 1988).

An Analysis of Annabel Lee :: Annabel Lee Essays

An Analysis of "Annabel Lee" Most people agree that Edgar Allan Poe wrote "Annabel Lee" about his departed wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of tuberculosis two years earlier. Some critics, however, contend that in the seventh line of the poem he states, "I was a child and she was a child," and he certainly was no child in 1836 at twenty-seven when he married his thirteen-year-old bride. Maybe the poem is about an earlier love, or perhaps it is purely fictional, but addressing Annabel Lee as his "life and [his] bride" in line thirty-eight and writing it two years after his beloved young wife's death, it is seems logical that it is indeed written about her and is simply embellished with a bit of poetic license. In this poem, Poe writes primarily with a combination of iambic and anapestic feet, alternating between tetrameter and trimeter. The word "chilling," however, is permitted in both places it is used, lines fifteen and twenty-five, to retain its jarring trochaic meter (one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable). This is done most probably to utilize the provoking effect of that meter; the death of the speaker's loved one disturbs the rhythm of the poem and startles the reader. End rhyme in the poem alternates lines with a few variations and bears little significance; the repeated rhyming words are: "Lee," "sea," "me," and "we." In "Annabel Lee" the speaker argues in lines eleven and twelve that the angels were jealous of the happy couple: "the winged seraphs of heaven coveted her and me." The envious angels, he insists, caused the wind to chill his bride and seize her life. However, he contends, their love, stronger than the love of the older or wiser couples, can never be conquered: And neither the angles in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee. (lines 33-36) The poem's diction immerses the reader into the speaker's fantasy-like realm of love shared with his bride. He begins the poem with the first two lines, "It was many and many a year ago, / In a kingdom by the sea," much like the "once upon a time, in a faraway land" of fairytales. The couple lived with no other thought than to love one another and "loved with a love that was more than love" (9).

Doubt in To The Lighthouse: Virginia Woolf’s Use of Symbolism and Tone

Virginia Woolf’s use of several literary devices, most especially tone and symbolism, can be seen in To The Lighthouse by dissecting important passages and analyzing how certain phrases connect with the work as a whole by enhancing the overall theme. The passage that Woolf best utilizes to convey both symbolism and tone can be found in her second chapter of the final section. Here she says, â€Å"He must have had his doubts about that table, she supposed; whether the table was a real table; whether it was worth the time he gave to it; whether he was able after all to find it. He had had doubt, she felt, or he would have asked less of people† (155). It is interesting to note that the theme of doubt and the subjectivity of feelings as they relate to material and nonmaterial objects continues throughout the text and the previous passage highlights this along with Woolf’s literary techniques by using the table as a symbol and the tone of introspection and guessing. This work is especially important and significant as a work of literature due to these important aspects used throughout. The previous passage should be understood in context with the events and the characters that are involved. Mr. Ramsey is a central figure of the piece, who serves as the host along with his wife of many guests to their summer house. His troubled marriage and his own doubts about his perception of how his life really is in contrast to how others may see it. His appraisal of the table, therefore, confuses one of his guests, Lily who is an aspiring artist or more specifically a painter. It is her voice in the passage that conveys the tone of the novel and that is one of subjectivity and the illusion that one person can understand another. Mr. Ramsey, on the other hand, helps to support the symbolism in this passage by simply using the table as a type of symbol to what constitutes what is important or beautiful in life as compared to what may be seen by others as unimportant or plain. The fact that the table is a solid object is also interesting in that this implies that even solid objects can be viewed differently by different people and it is not only relationships and all in life that is not static that is subject to deep thought and contemplation. While Lily contemplates that Mr. Ramsey has doubts about the reality of the table and believes that his doubts give way to his continual demands from others, it may be quite the opposite. Mr. Ramsey as the head of the household and the central figure and host of many dinner parties may see the table as the place where he is most comfortable and in charge of others, rather than in doubt of himself. Since the reader is only getting the point of view from Lily, Mr. Ramsey’s appraisal of the importance of or even the reality of the table is myopic. This ties in with the theme of doubt and the subjectivity of constructed reality that changes from individual to individual that permeates the passage, the chapter, and the novel as a whole. Lily, herself as an artist, presents her views from the eyes of an aesthetic and she has been influenced by this time by the late Mrs. Ramsey. But the philosophical ponderings of Mr. Ramsey among other events have given her doubts as to her ability to create anything of real meaning in her art and in her life. The final section of the work is the most sentimental and philosophical. By the time this passage has been uttered many deaths have occurred and the bridges that separate the remaining Ramseys and Lily are becoming more pronounced. The tone that Wolff uses has, to this point, been filled with confusion and foreshadowing and there is reason to believe that consonance might be found with the family when the remaining members, Mr. Ramsey and his son and daughter, finally do set out to see the lighthouse. There is some hope that with all the confusion and altered realities of the main characters at the close of the novel, that maybe all of them will see this lighthouse in the same way. For the entirety of the text, Woolf presents her characters as only guessing about the feelings and thoughts of others by how they view static objects, like the table in the passage. In the beginning of the book, the subject of the table comes up in terms of philosophy when Lily asks to have explained Mr. Ramsey’s thoughts on philosophy by his son Andrew. ‘Subject and object are the nature of reality’, Andrew had said. And when she said Heavens, she had no notion what that meant. ‘Think of a kitchen table then’, he told her, ‘when you’re not there’† (23). The fact that there are many missing people from the table towards the piece’s ending is what fashions the interactions between the characters to make meaning of their existence and to w eave all of this together with the subjective realities that each character has toward both the living and the deceased. This illustrates Woolf’s theme and her intentions for her audience to understand how the table is tied into the philosophy of Mr. Ramsey, who has become worn and saddened over the years, just as the table has been worn by time. As well, this illustrates Woolf’s use of the character Lily as a person, who is able to create objects that are new and subject to a redeeming action if her art is viewed by others to be important. As well, even if her art cannot save or redeem others in the end, she can by her own subjective reality, redeem herself in a deep and lasting fashion by discarding her doubts about herself. Certainly, Mr. Ramsey, Andrew and Cam all have doubts about the strength of their relationship and the value that is placed on visiting the lighthouse. What comes to be on this trip is not a singularity of vision between the Ramseys and Lily, but instead warmer feelings toward one another and the final realization that the only thing that can be shared is solitude. That dream of sharing, completing, of finding in solitude on the beach an answer, was then but a reflection in a mirror, and the mirror itself was but the surface glassiness which forms in quiescence when the nobler powers sleep beneath† (134). To be truly noble then, Wolff suggests that this singular vision without doubt or regret that each man or woman has is not something that can be shared, but instead it is to know that every one is alone is their vision for perfection within themselves and others. Everything else is subject to change or even the static objects like the table can be viewed differently, only we can know what we want and how casting off doubts imposed by others is what can essentially set us free. Woolf effectively utilizes the table as a symbol for the static in the world that can be seen as beautiful or ugly just as she uses objects like the mirror as a metaphor for solitude. The lighthouse, as well, is a beacon of light in the darkness, a darkness that is felt in loneliness. However, it is discovered by Lily that loneliness is noble when accepting it and discarding doubts about what is underneath the subjective surface of all things. Woolf’s introspective tone, used especially by Lily and the overall them of doubt and confusion in a world filled with change, both in the passing of time and even in the moments shared with others that may have different views illustrate how not even time changes the nature of the soul of men or women.

Selections from Annie John

The passage entitled â€Å"Selections from Annie John† was written by Jamaica Kincaid. In this extract it tells of the life of a young girl and her relationship with her mother. It begins with her stating clearly how being with her mother was an important part of her life. This was followed by narrating the things they did together. She would help her admirable mother to cook and clean. She then goes into detail of what and how things were done in regards to helping her mother with the cooking and cleaning. In the following paragraph she vividly describes her mother and briefly mentions her father. As the narrator is with her mother she tells of how they would spend time by her mother telling her stories of her past. During this past time is where the daughter showed her mother the most affection by leaning on her mother and sniffing her and gazing at her mothers’ beauty. She truly loved her mother for all that she was. As the excerpt progresses the narrator becomes a little older and goes through puberty. During this stage she begins to see new sides of her mother and herself; which, to the narrator were not good sides at all. She didn’t recognize the response she got from her mother as the same woman she grew up loving. Ultimately one day she was confronted by her mother one day coming home late from school. She tried to lie and her mother knew the truth and exposed it. Vicious words were exchanged and in the end this love she had for her mother as a youth has slowly been deteriorated. Her mother ends her rebellious thoughts with a comment that makes the narrator go deep into thought and realises that there is going to be a gap between her and her mother after this day. This extract is a very good example of difficult it is to maintain relationships with parents. I clearly agree with Kincaid’s idea. Her idea shows how easy it is to admire and have good relationship with your parents for years and how one moment can destroy all that was built. All forms of admiration you can have are presented in the passage. The description of the bond between the persona and the mother seems to be unbreakable. How Kincaid presents the theme is very effective. Who would have thought after all the praise of her mother and time with her it would end in that way. It was a shocker. It allowed me to feel bad for the young girl. This also shows how a young person’s disrespect to a parent can negatively impact the way the parent looks at the child. When the daughter said â€Å" well like father like son. Like mother like daughter. † If it wasn’t for that act of disrespect her mother would have probably scolded her and tell her how to do right. After that if I was a parent I wouldn’t even care about helping that child anymore. A lot of young people who are going through puberty think they have already â€Å"made it† and become very disrespectful at times. This can be seen in any teen. I can say this because I was the same way. For every negative comment towards me, was a response to justify or nullify what was said. It’s normal for teens to be rebellious during this maturity stage. This was another bonus for Kincaid to have me on her side. This situation more than likely happens every day. It’s real. On the other hand it also shows how each one of us will mature and we will be treated differently. Not only Kincaid’s passage shows the difficulty in maintaining relationships with parents but it is also an eye opener to young adults as to why we were treated like that at our age. We must learn that as we get older we change and we must act accordingly. This is another serious factor that Kincaid presents. The changes in youth during their adolescence age when these changes occur to the body are quite serious for young children. They don’t know what to do or how to treat these changes. I am fortunate enough to be a boy so my changes weren’t anything too drastic to get help with. However for young girls they have to worry about a lot and as Kincaid present this it is an issue I think is very important for girls to be taught to expect and treat with care. This may also be a reason as to why the subject of Kincaid passage acted in such a manner. Over all the issue kincaids passage presents are all relevant and informative if you read to take what is occurring into consideration.